In May 2015, the State Council issued the "Made in China 2025", which is a 10-year action plan for implementing the strategy of becoming a manufacturing powerhouse in China. The proposal of "Made in China 2025" has a profound impact on the transformation of China's manufacturing industry and puts forward new requirements for the talent needs of enterprises. As higher vocational colleges that cultivate technical and skilled talents for the industry, they need to face the new development trend of "Made in China 2025", optimize the talent cultivation mode, and strive to narrow the gap between the employers and the in-school courses.
The Replacement of Humans by Machines is Imminent
The "Made in China 2025" proposes that intelligent manufacturing should be taken as the breakthrough and main direction. The core of intelligent manufacturing is to establish intelligent factories and digital workshops, develop intelligent equipment, and achieve intelligent production.
Combined with the current situation of the industry and the development path planned in "Made in China 2025", we can conclude that the future development of China's intelligent manufacturing industry will show the following trends:
First, the intelligent transformation and upgrading of equipment is faster than expected. On the one hand, driven by national policies, localities have introduced relevant policies according to the strategic plan of "Made in China 2025" and clearly given the timetable for technological transformation. In 2017, a large-scale equipment transformation will be ushered in, and half of the large-scale manufacturing enterprises will achieve fully automated production; on the other hand, due to the increase in labor costs and the difficulty of recruiting workers, enterprises are prompted to replace humans with machines.
Second, the industrial robot industry is developing rapidly. By 2020, the number of robots per 10,000 manufacturing workers in China will reach more than 100, which is the goal of the robot technology roadmap and the "13th Five-Year Plan" of the robot industry formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Third, the "Internet + Equipment Manufacturing" has given birth to new production models and become an innovation hotspot. The "Internet +" has presented four new trends in the manufacturing industry, namely, the servitization of manufacturing, customization and personalization, the decentralization of organizations, and the cloudification of manufacturing resources, bringing huge changes to the decision-making methods, business models, and management ideas of traditional enterprises in many aspects.
Fourth, intelligent equipment and products are developing rapidly, and the manufacturing process is becoming intelligent. In the field of "intelligent manufacturing equipment", high-end numerically controlled machine tools, industrial robots, additive manufacturing equipment, new sensors, intelligent instruments, etc. are taken as the key breakthrough directions; in the field of "intelligent manufacturing process", with data interconnection as the core, new technologies led by Internet technology will effectively shorten the product development cycle, reduce operating costs, improve production efficiency, enhance product quality, reduce resource consumption, and provide personalized products.
Intelligent Manufacturing Quietly Changes the Enterprise Position Setting
With the advancement of intelligent manufacturing, the position setting of enterprises is changing. Some traditional positions, such as working hour auditors and drawing developers, are disappearing, while there is a strong demand for equipment maintenance and repair personnel and numerical control operation and programming personnel.
The rapid development of the industrial robot industry has a huge demand for technical talents in robot application. At present, there is a shortage of 200,000 technical talents in industrial robot application, and it is still growing at a rate of 20% per year. The talent demand is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the demand of robot manufacturers, including technical and marketing talents for robot assembly, sales, and after-sales support; second, the demand of robot system integrators, including professional talents for the development, installation, commissioning, and technical support of robot workstations; third, the demand of robot application enterprises, including technical talents with strong comprehensive qualities such as the debugging, maintenance, operation, and programming of robot workstations. In particular, there is a huge shortage of on-site programming and debugging personnel for industrial robots.
Intelligent production has a huge demand for composite talents. With the popularization of digital research, development, design, and management tools, employees need to have the basic qualities to deal with Industry 4.0. Traditional process positions are also facing digital transformation. The application of tools such as CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), CAE (Computer Aided Simulation Analysis), CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning), MES (Manufacturing Execution System), and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) has become a basic ability requirement for employees. The role of some traditional positions in production will gradually weaken or even disappear. For example, the position of drawing developers is gradually fading out of history, while positions such as digital modeling, lean specialists, reverse modeling, 3D printing, and precision measurement and inspection are becoming more and more important. Currently, there are no corresponding majors for these positions in colleges and universities, and the employees in these positions are mainly trained by the enterprises themselves.
Intelligent equipment has a huge demand for mechatronic composite talents. With the planned digital, informatization, and intelligent transformation of traditional enterprises by the state, high-end numerically controlled machine tools, industrial robots, additive manufacturing and other intelligent manufacturing equipment will be widely applied, and a large number of professional talents in operation, debugging, maintenance, repair, and transformation are needed.
The Change of Position Structure Puts Forward New Requirements for Vocational Abilities
Under the background of "Made in China 2025", the development trend of enterprises, the changes in positions and talent needs are impacting higher vocational education, and the docking between the talent cultivation standards and market positions is quietly changing.
In "Made in China 2025", the "skilled jobs" in enterprises will decrease, and people will be more engaged in work such as product and process optimization and production system management, requiring strong abilities to analyze and solve problems, and the "active jobs" in enterprises will increase. In response to the development opportunity of "Made in China 2025", higher vocational colleges should re-examine the positioning of manufacturing majors, improve the level of teaching staff, and strive to narrow the gap between the teaching content and the needs of enterprises.
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